Seboreyny dermatitis is an inflammation of sites of skin on which sebaceous glands are developed. Most often the disease arises at men, teenagers during puberty and babies. Seboreyny dermatitis is ill 2–5% of all population.
Kinds of seboreyny dermatitis
Fat seborrhea – the most often found type of a disease. The increased secretion of skin fat and change of microflora of skin is characteristic of it. At fat seborrhea reddening of skin or small reddish papules with oily gloss and accurately outlined borders is observed. Fat seborrhea is divided, in turn, on dense and liquid depending on change of structure of a skin secret.
At liquid seborrhea in skin fat the level of free fatty acids increases. Face skin becomes brilliant, rough, with enlarged pores. On it comedones and eels are easily formed. If liquid seborrhea affects a scalp, hair look very dirty, stick together in a lock.
At dense seborrhea decrease as a part of skin fat of level of the lowest and increase of the highest fatty acids is observed. The imbalance of structure of a skin secret reduces its protective properties and provokes reproduction of microorganisms. Externally dense seborrhea can be shown by pustulous rashes, expansions of mouths of channels of sebaceous glands, comedones, office of the large yellowish scales which are stuck together among themselves.
Dry seborrhea – is often observed at small children as they develop insufficient quantity of a skin secret. At adults the dry form of seboreyny dermatitis is shown less often. It is characterized by reduction of production of skin fat, dryness, cracks and an excessive peeling of skin, feeling of tightening which amplifies after contact with water. Head hair become thinner, become fragile and splitting. In certain cases there is a lamination of scales at each other, forming crusts. On skin there are eels, pink and red spots.
The mixed seborrhea – is characterized by simultaneous emergence of dry seboreyny dermatitis on hairy part of head skin and fat – on a face.
Symptoms of seboreyny dermatitis
Seboreyny dermatitis can develop both in the head, and on a trunk. Seborrhea of the head can be shown by an inflammation of skin of hairy part of the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, borders of growth of hair, nosogubny folds, external acoustical passes and area behind ears. At men it is often localized in the field of growth of a beard and moustaches.
Also seboreyny rash can affect a breast and natural folds of a body: armpits, groin, stomach, mammary glands. Seborrhea of the person and body is shown by red spots, followed itch and a peeling, feeling of burning and even emergence of the papules merging in plaques of a ring - shaped or girlyandopodobny form. Plaques have a clear boundary, papules are covered with fat yellowish scales. When progressing an illness emergence of bright yellow crusts on skin, growth of an inflammation on the big surface area of skin and accession of a bacterial infection is noted.
Seborrhea of hairy head skin is characterized by peeling of whitish scales which can be taken for large dandruff. However unlike dandruff seborrhea is accompanied by a skin itch, and the centers of defeat are clearly distinguishable. Many patients connect dryness of a scalp with the advent of "dandruff" therefore wash the head less often. Alas, such tactics instead of desirable result leads only to accumulation of seboreyny scales, formation of dense crusts and a pathological inflammation of head skin and sebaceous glands. Refusal of treatment leads to thinning of hair and baldness.
Seborrhea of the head of babies is usually shown at the age of 3 months. It represents the thick yellow crusts which are easily removed vegetable oil and does not disturb kids. However the combination of skin rash to diarrhea and underweight demands urgent medical care as it can indicate existence of such serious illness as Leyner's eritrodermiya from newborns.
Reasons of seboreyny dermatitis
The main reason of development of seborrhea – impact on skin of opportunistic drozhzhepodobny lipophilic fungi of Malassezia furfur which are present at this or that quantity at most of people. The oval form of a fungus (Pityrosporum ovale) is responsible for development of an inflammation of skin of hairy part of the head. Defeats on skin of a body are provoked by the round Malassezia furfur form – Pityrosporum orbiculare. Fungi create colonies around channels of sebaceous glands, eating a lipidic secret, actively breed.
However seboreyny dermatitis arises not at all. Thanks to immune system the healthy organism contains growth of quantity of fungi. If the metabolism in an organism is broken, begins uncontrolled reproduction of Malassezia furfur which split skin fat on free fatty acids that causes an inflammation.
Development of pathology can happen because of the following factors:
- puberty – owing to hormonal changes at teenagers the players of skin fat are changed, and sebaceous glands begin to work with bigger intensity. In this case the illness passes independently in process of the patient's growing;
- the hereditary predisposition explaining hyperfunction of sebaceous glands;
- hormonal failure at which growth of level of an androgen and progesterone and decrease in level of estrogen is observed. Hormonedependent seboreyny dermatitis is observed at women in a menopause or at diseases of ovaries, at men with a small egg tumor, at obesity;
- improper feeding with abundance of spicy, salty and greasy food;
- existence of addictions (alcohol, tobacco smoking);
- infectious diseases, immunity easing;
- stress and overfatigue;
- noninfectious diseases of a digestive tract, endocrine system and metabolism. Painful states are followed not only the strengthened work of sebaceous glands, but also excessive sweating and arrhythmia of heart;
- psychological and mental diseases (for example, a syndrome of Itsenko - Kushinga, schizophrenia, epilepsy, maniac - depressive frustration) at which functions of a hypophysis and a gipotalamus are broken.
But despite the extensive list of the possible reasons, any of them is not absolute. The exact reason promoting excessively active activity of fungi of Malassezia at the moment is not revealed.
Diagnosis of seboreyny dermatitis
To define existence of a disease, the dermatologist appoints the following researches:
- research of skin scales under a microscope to exclude other diseases of skin (atopic dermatitis, the psoriasis, microbic damages of skin cutting deprive) and to define a fungus activator;
- blood test for definition of the hormonal status;
- skin biopsy if necessary.
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