Main reasons and types of violations of pigmentation of skin
Main reasons and types of violations of pigmentation of skin
On skin color or, speaking to language of science, pigmentation melanin influences. It is the specific painting pigment which is synthesized from amino acid, of a component of proteins, at its interaction with an ultraviolet (it sunshine deliver to an organism). Melanin is formed in cages – melanotsita – at interaction with enzyme the tyrosinehadean. At change of amount of melanin in a human body on a body violations of pigmentation of skin are shown.
Excessive synthesis of melanin leads to the following consequences:
- to emergence of various pigmentary spots;
- to emergence of a nevus (birthmarks, birthmarks);
- to formation of symmetric brown spots – hloazm (most often they are shown on a face);
- to manifestation of freckles (efelid) – small spots of brown color, as a rule, formed with the first beams of the spring sun on open parts of a body. In the winter they partially disappear.
Insufficient synthesis of melanin leads to such manifestations:
- to absence tyrosineelements and, as a result, impossibility of normal synthesis of melanin. It leads to effect of partial or total absence of a pigment of skin, an iris of the eye, hair – albinism. Such people and are called – albinos, their distinctive features – skin, eyebrows, hair, eyelashes of white color and a red shade of eyes;
- to emergence of pronounced white spots with a gray - haired hair on affected areas – vitiligo.
Causes of infringement of pigmentation of skin
Freckles – often the descended pigmentary spots. In general freckles are close to suntan. However at suntan there is a uniform distribution of a tirozin in skin of the person, and at formation of freckles tirozin is spontaneously synthesized in melanin. Till 35 years the quantity of freckles can increase, however with age they begin to turn pale. Freckles at the age of 20–25 years are most noticeable, blondes and red - haired are more subject to their formation.
Vitiligos – are often formed on skin at the wrong functioning of immune system. Doctors consider that tendency to vitiligo can be descended.
Hloazma – pigmentary brown spots, are usually shown on face skin, often arise at pregnancy, and also at a number of sexual diseases at women, at the wrong activity of a liver, infection with worms etc. These violations of pigmentation of skin are a type of the pigmentary frustration which arose at misoperation of ovaries.
In certain cases spots can merge with each other and cover rather big sites of skin. For example, pronounced pigmentary spots around a mouth often speak about beginning to a polypose of an enterogastric path. Hloazma vanishes after elimination of the reasons of her emergence (in case of treatment of diseases or after the delivery if she arose during pregnancy). People "aged", as a rule, have large spots on the top surface of hands. However emergence of similar spots aged till 50 years can mean early aging of an organism.
Birthmarks, or birthmarks, is a formation of groups of melanotsit on skin, they are present at any person. At newborn birthmarks can not be, they are formed in the first years of life and over time continue to appear. New birthmarks are often shown during a climax , at puberty and during pregnancy. There are colourless birthmarks which begin to darken with age. With congenital birthmarks the risk of violation of pigmentation of skin is insignificant.
Melanomas – tumors which contain melanin, often the most strong indication of violation of pigmentation.
Besides, pigmentation of skin is caused by all types of dermatitis. Pigmentary spots often remain in places of burns, stings of insects and various injections. In case of defeat of part of functions of immune system there can also be a change of pigments of face skin. For example, at a disease of a red volchanka or at side effects of medicines, including female sex hormones (estrogen) and contraceptives.
Diagnostics and treatment of violations of pigmentation of skin
In case of suspicion that you have violations of pigmentation of skin, it is recommended to pass inspection at the cosmetologist or the dermatologist for exact identification of causes of illness. It is necessary to remember several important things always:
- at influence of direct sunshine all types of violation of pigmentation of skin are shown stronger. Therefore, it is worth avoiding long stay under sunshine and to regularly apply protective equipment on open sites of skin. For example, a conditioning agent behind skin with a high index of protection which contains the ultraviolet filter, or special sunblock cream;
- at serious diseases of internals process of bleaching of pigmentary spots can cause development of complications. As a rule, in such cases bleaching does not lead to desirable result;
- removal of birthmarks – process safe, however on skin of the person there can be also birthmarks subject to repeated emergence, with complication in the form of a malignant tumor. As a rule, if birthmarks with a diameter more than 5 millimeters, then it is worth paying a close attention to them. In case of change of structure of a birthmark (the size, color, outlines) it is necessary to address the expert for inspection. Removal of birthmarks is usually made on medical indications and is extremely rare – on cosmetology;
- bleaching of undesirable pigmentation happens in two steps. The first – peeling of a horn layer, the second – reduction of production of melanin. Peeling of skin leads to elimination of melanin from epidermis owing to what pigmentary spots brighten. Various types of peelings are for this purpose applied. It is necessary to understand that any bleaching procedures can lead to strengthening of dryness of skin, and it, as a rule, threatens with presenilation of face skin;
- pigmentation of skin can take place itself after elimination of the reason of its emergence. Sometimes for this purpose use of any peeling means is required.
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