What indicators are included in standard biochemical blood test?
1) Glucose (in blood) - the main test in diagnosis of diabetes. This analysis is very important at selection of therapy and an assessment of efficiency of treatment of diabetes. Lowering of the level of glucose is observed at some endocrine diseases and dysfunction of a liver.
Normal indicators of glucose in blood:
|
Age |
Level of glucose, mmol/l |
|
<14 years |
3,33 - 5,55 |
|
14 - 60 years |
3,89 - 5,83 |
|
60 - 70 years |
4,44 - 6,38 |
|
> 70 years |
4,61 - 6,10 |
2) Bilirubin the general - a yellow pigment of blood, kotoryyobrazutsya as a result of disintegration of hemoglobin, a myoglobin and tsitokhrom. The main reasons for increase of amount of the general bilirubin in blood: defeat of cells of a liver ( hepatitises , cirrhosis ), the strengthened disintegration of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemias ), bile outflow violation (for example, cholelithiasis ).
Normal values of the general bilirubin: 3,4 - 17,1 µmol/l.
3) Straight line bilirubin (the bilirubin conjugated, connected) - fraction of the general bilirubin of blood. Direct bilirubin raises at the jaundice which developed because of violation of outflow of bile from a liver.
Normal values of direct bilirubin: 0 - 7,9 µmol/l.
4) Bilirubin indirect (the bilirubin which is not conjugated, free) - a difference between indicators of the general and direct bilirubin. This indicator raises when strengthening disintegration of erythrocytes – at hemolytic anemia, malaria, massive hemorrhages in fabric, etc.
Normal values of indirect bilirubin: <19 µmol/l.
5) ASAT (nuclear heating plant, aspartateaminotransferase) - one of the main enzymes which are synthesized in a liver. Normal the content of this enzyme in serum of blood is small as its most part is in hepatocytes (hepatic cells). Increase is observed at diseases of a liver and heart, and also at long reception of aspirin and hormonal contraceptives.
ASAT normal values:
- Women – to 31 Piece/l;
- Men – to 37 Pieces/l.
6) ALAT (ALT, alanineaminotransferase) - the enzyme which is synthesized in a liver. Its most part is and works in cells of a liver therefore normal concentration of ALT in blood is small. Increase is observed at mass death of hepatic cells (for example, at hepatitis, cirrhosis), heavy heart failure and diseases of blood.
ALAT normal values:
- women – to 34 Pieces/l;
- men – to 45 Pieces/l.
7) Gamma GT (gamma glutamiltransferaza) - the enzyme which is contained mainly in cells of a liver and pancreas. Increase of its quantity in blood is observed at diseases of these bodies, and also at long alcohol intake.
Normal values of gamma GT:
Men <55 Pieces/l
Women <38 Pieces/l
8) Phosphatase alkaline – enzyme, widespread in tissues of the person. The greatest clinical value have hepatic and bone the forms of alkaline phosphatase which activity is defined in blood serum.
Normal values of phosphatase alkaline: 30-120 Pieces/l.
9) Cholesterol (cholesterol the general) - the main lipid of blood which comes to an organism with food and also, is synthesized by cells of a liver.
Normal indicators of cholesterol: 3,2-5,6 mmol/l.
10) Lipoproteins of the low density (LPNP) - one of the most atherogenous, "harmful" fractions of lipids. LPNP are very rich with cholesterol and, transporting it to cages of vessels, are late in them, forming atherosclerotic plaques.
Normal indicators of LPNP: 1,71-3,5 mmol/l.
11) Triglycerides - the neutral fats which are in blood plasma, an important indicator of a lipidic exchange.
Normal indicators of triglycerides: 0,41-1,8 mmol/l.
12) The general protein - the indicator reflecting total of proteins in blood. Its decrease is observed at some diseases of a liver and kidneys which are followed by the increased removal of protein with urine. Increase – at diseases of blood and infectious and inflammatory processes.
Normal values of the general protein: 66-83 g/l.
13) Albumine - the most important protein of blood making about a half of all serumal proteins. Reduction of content of albumine can be also display of some diseases of kidneys, a liver, intestines. Increase of albumine is usually connected with dehydration.
Normal values of albumine: 35-52 g/l
14) Potassium (To +) - the electrolyte which is contained mainly in cages. Povysheniyeurovnya of potassium in blood is most often observed at a sharp and chronic renal failure, sharp reduction of amount of the emitted urine or its total absence, most often connected with a serious illness of kidneys.
Normal values of potassium: 3,5-5,5 mmol/l.
15) Sodium (Na+) - the electrolyte which is contained mainly in extracellular liquid and in smaller quantity - in cages. He is responsible for work of nervous and muscular tissue, digestive enzymes, a blood pressure, a water exchange.
Normal values natriya:136-145 mmol/l.
16) Chlorine (Sl-) - one of the main electrolytes which is in blood in the ionized state and plays an important role in maintenance of water and electrolytic and acid and main balances in an organism.
Normal values of chlorine: 98-107 mmol/l.
17) Creatinine - substance which plays an important role in a power exchange muscular and other fabrics. Creatinine is completely removed by kidneys therefore determination of its concentration in blood has the greatest clinical value for diagnosis of diseases of kidneys.
Normal values of creatinine:
- men - 62 – 115 µmol/l;
- women - 53 - 97 µmol/l.
18) Urea - the substance which is the final product of a metabolism of proteins in an organism. Urea is removed by kidneys therefore determination of its concentration in blood gives an idea of functional abilities of kidneys and most widely used for diagnosis of renal pathology.
Normal values of urea: 2,8-7,2 mmol/l
19) Uric acid - one of the final products of a metabolism of proteins in an organism. Uric acid is completely removed by kidneys. Increase of concentration of uric acid meets at a pochechnokamenny illness, other diseases of the kidneys proceeding spochechny insufficiency.
Normal values of uric acid:
- men - 210 - 420 µmol/l;
- women - 150 - 350 µmol/l.
20) The S-jet Protein (SJP) - a sensitive element of blood, quicker than others reacting to damages of fabrics. Availability of jet protein in blood serum – a sign of inflammatory process, a trauma, penetration into an organism of alien microorganisms – bacteria, parasites, mushrooms. The more sharply inflammatory process, is more active a disease, the S-jet protein in blood serum is higher.
Normal values of S-jet protein: 0 - 5 mg/l.
21) Iron (serumal iron) - the vital microcell which is a part of hemoglobin participates in transport and deposition of oxygen and plays an important role in blood formation processes.
Normal values of serumal iron:
- women - 8,95 - 30,43 µmol/l;
- men - 11,64 - 30,43 µmol/l.
How to be prepared for research?
One day before capture of blood on biochemistry it is necessary to exclude alcohol intake, in 1 hour – smoking. It is desirable to make capture of blood on an empty stomach in the morning. Between the last meal and capture of blood there have to pass not less than 12 hours. Juice, tea, coffee, chewing gum are not allowed. It is possible to drink water. It is necessary to exclude the increased psychoemotional and physical activities.
What dates of performance of the analysis?
1 day.
How estimate results of biochemical blood test?
Use of various methods of diagnostics by different clinics leads to unequal results, units of measure can also differ. Therefore the correct interpretation of result of biochemical blood test requires consultation of the attending physician.
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